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����1.too��to�� 2.so��that��. 3.such a��that��4.not only��but..also�� 6.neither��nor��
����7.such as�� 8.not ��until�� 9.so that�� 10.either��or��
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������ ʹ�øߵȼ��ʻ� �� ʹ�ö��� �� ʹ������
������ ʹ�ñ�ǿ���Ĵʣ���alone, just, single, only, not��at all; on the earth; the very; on earth��
������ ʹ�����ַ�:���������������ţ�ͷ�ϣ����˵�
����as busy as a bee; as proud as a peacock; as blind as a bat; as cool as a cucumber
����3. ʹ�����Ӵʣ�������Ȼ������ͨ˳��һ���dz�
����1�� ���ڰ��ռ�չ���Ķ���֮�е����Ӵʺ��ɴ��У�
����above before me here on the left across below in the distance on the right
����beyond nearby opposite to over also further next to on top of
����up down close to beneath under around near to along
����2) ���ڰ�ʱ��˳��չ���Ķ���֮�е����Ӵʺ��ɴ���
����soon, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early, this morning /year, now, after, at present, later, afterwards finally, at last, all of a sudden , at noon , in the morning/afternoon/evening
����3) ���ڰ�������չ���Ķ���֮�е����Ӵʺ��ɴ���
����first, second, etc. now for this purpose; but as a result furthermore;finally at last moreover
����also therefore likewise;another for example next; yet for instance on the contrary
����once in addition in summary;such in this case on the other hand
����then otherwise in conclusion thus
����4) ���ڰ��ȽϷ�չ���Ķ���֮�е����Ӵʺ��ɴ���
����another moreover in addition (to)
����equally important too, also at the same time
����besides then in the same way in fact like, similarly
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����on the contrary different from on the other hand in contrast to despite
����in spite of, yet, but ,whereas, unlike nevertheless not only��butalso here��there years)one ago��today the former��the latter then��now some��others one��the other once��now
����on (the one hand��on the other hand(һ���桭��һ����)
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�����ݽ�: then(Ȼ��)�� besides(����)�� furthermore(����)�� moreover(����)
����ת��: however(Ȼ��)�� but(����)�� on the country(�෴)�� after all(�Ͼ�)
�����ܽ�: finally(���)�� at last(���)�� in brief(��֮)��
����in conclusion(���)��ǿ��: indeed(ȷʵ)�� certainly(һ��)�� surely(ȷ��)�� above all(����)���Ա�: in the same way(ͬ����)�� just as(����)�� on the one hand��on the other hand
����4��д����ʹ������߸��������Ļ�����ʽ
���������Ƕ���д����ʹ������ߡ����������Ļ�����ʽ��ÿ���ʽ�Ĺ�����ͬ�����ƣ������ɸ����Լ������ѡ�����е�1��2���������ܹ�������ȷ�ط�д�����á�
����1����ʾԭ��
����1��There are three reasons for this... 2��The reasons for this are as follows...
����3��The reason for this is obvious... 4��The reason for this is not far to seek...
����5��The reason for this is that...6��We have good reason to believe that...
�������磺There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life��Firstly��people��s living standard has been greatly improved��Secondly��most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like��Last but not least��more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life�� ע���翼��д��һ������û�а��գ��ɽ����д���������ӡ��磺Great changes have taken place in our life�� There are three reasons for this������д���Ա��������е�`���ʧ��
����2����ʾ�ô�
����1��It has the following advantages��2��It does us a lot of good��3��It is beneficial to us��4��It benefits us quite a lot�� 5��It is of great benefit to us��
�������磺 Books are like friends��They can help us know the world better��and they can open our minds and widen our horizons��Therefore��reading extensively is of great benefit to us��
����3����ʾ����
����1��It has more disadvantages than advantages�� 2��It does us much harm�� 3��It is harmful to us��
�������磺 However��everything divides into two��Television can also be harmful to us��It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television��
����4����ʾ��Ҫ����Ҫ�����ѡ����㡢����
����1��It is important��necessary��difficult��convenient�� possible��for sb��to do sth��
����2��We think it necessary to do sth�� 3��It plays an important role in our life��
�������磺 Computers are now being used everywhere��whether in the government��in schools or in business��Soon�� computers will be found in every home��too��We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age��
����5����ʾ��ʩ
����1��We should take some effective measures�� 2��We should try our best to overcome��conquer��the difficulties�� 3��We should do our utmost in doing sth�� 4��We should solve the problems that we are confronted��faced��with��
�������磺 The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious��Therefore��we must take some effective measures to solve it��
����6����ʾ�仯
����1��Some changes have taken place in the past five years�� 2��A great change will certainly be produced in the world��s communications�� 3��The computer has brought about many changes in education�� ���磺 Some changes have taken place in people��s diet in the past five years��The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek��Nowadays��more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein��and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins��
����7����ʾ��ʵ����״
����1��We cannot ignore the fact that������ 2��No one can deny the fact that������ 3��There is no denying the fact that������ 4��This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in�� 5��However��that��s not the case��
�������磺 We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution��To solve these problems�� we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution��The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment��
����8����ʾ�Ƚ�
����1��Compared with A��B������ 2��I prefer to read rather than watch TV�� 3��There is a striking contrast between them��
�������磺Compared with cars��bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable��Firstly��they do not consume natural resources of petroleum��Secondly��they do not cause the pollution problem��Last but not least��they contribute to people��s health by giving them due physical exercise��
����9����ʾ����
����1��It has increased��decreased��from������to������ 2��The population in this city has now increased ��decreased��to 800��000�� 3��The output of July in this factory increased by 15�� compared with that of January��
�������磺 With the improvement of the living standard��the proportion of people��s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased��
�������磺 From the graph listed above��it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000��
����10����ʾ����
����1��People have��take��adopt��assume��different attitudes towards sth�� 2��People have different opinions on this problem�� 3��People take different views of��on��the question�� 4��Some people believe that������Others argue that������
�������磺 People have different attitudes towards failure��Some believe that failure leads to success�� Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor��However�� others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers��
�������磺 Do ��lucky numbers really bring good luck��Different people have different views on it�� ע��һ��������ʱ���������ʾ俪ʼ������Ӧ������һд��������
����11����ʾ����
����1��In short��it can be said that ������ 2��It may be briefly summed up as follows�� 3��From what has been mentioned above��we can come to the conclusion that ������
�������磺 From what has been mentioned above��we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary��however�� its method should be improved��ע������1�������κ�һ������Ľ��۾䣻����3��������½��۶εĵ�һ�䡣
����12������
����1��It��s well known to us that ������ 2��As is known to us�������� 3��This is a topic that is being widely talked about�� 4��From the graph��table��chart��listed above��it can be seen that ������ 5��As a proverb says����Where there is a will��there is a way��?
�������磺 As is well known to us��it is important for the students to know the world outside campus�� The reason for this is obvious��Nowadays��the society is changing and developing rapidly��and the campus is no longer an ��ivory tower��. As college students��we must get in touch with the world outside the campus��Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate��
�������磺 Does it pay to be honest��This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it��
����5. Ӣ��д���ر�֮35����
����һ��the + ~ est + ���� + (that) + ���� + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
����the most + ���ݴ� + ���� + (that) + ���� + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
�������䣺Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
��������������������������Ů���� Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. ����ʦ���������������ʴȵĽ�ʦ��
��������Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + ���ݴ� + than to + V
�������䣺Nothing is more important than to receive education.
����û�бȽ��ܽ�������Ҫ���¡�
��������cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.������ôǿ��...����Ҫ��Ҳ��Ϊ������
�������䣺We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
������������ôǿ�������۾�����Ҫ��Ҳ��Ϊ����
�����ġ�There is no denying that + S + V ...�����ɷ��ϵ�...��
�������䣺There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. ���ɷ��ϵģ����ǵ�����Ʒ���Ѿ�ÿ�����¡�
�����塢It is universally acknowledged that + ����~~ ��ȫ���綼֪��...��
�������䣺It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
����ȫ���綼֪����ľ�������Dz��ɻ�ȱ�ġ�
��������There is no doubt that + ����~~ ���������ʵ�...��
�������䣺There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
�����������ʵ����ǵĽ����ƶ����˲����⡣
�����ߡ�An advantage of ~~~ is that + ���ӣ�...���ŵ���...��
�������䣺An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution. ʹ��̫���ܵ��ŵ��������������κ���Ⱦ��
�����ˡ�The reason why + ���� ~~~ is that + ���ӣ�...��ԭ����...��
�������䣺The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
�������DZ���������ԭ���������ܹ�Ӧ�������ʵĿ�����
�����š�So + ���ݴ� + be + ���� + that + ���ӣ����...������...��
�������䣺So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.
����ʱ�������������Ǿ������˷�����
����ʮ��Adj + as + Subject�����ʣ�+ be, S + V~~~ ����Ȼ...��
�������䣺 Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account һ��Ҳ��}
������Ȼ���ǵĹ��Ҹ��У����ǵ�����Ʒ�ʾ������˲����⡣
����ʮһ��The + ~er + S + V, the + ~er + S + V
����The + more + Adj + S + V, the + more+ Adj + S + V ����...��...�� ���䣺The harder you work, the more progress you make. ����Ŭ��������������
����The more books we read, the more learned we become.
��������������࣬��������ѧ�ʡ�
����ʮ����By +Ving, can������...��..�ܹ�..��
�������䣺By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
�����������˶��������ܹ�ʼ�ձ��ֽ�����
����ʮ����enable + Object���ܴʣ�+ to + V ��..ʹ..�ܹ�..��
�������䣺Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.
����������ʹ�����ܹ��о����ɡ�
����ʮ�ġ�On no account can we + V �����Ǿ��Բ���...��
�������䣺On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
�������Ǿ��Բ��ܺ���֪ʶ�ļ�ֵ��
����ʮ�塢It is time + S + ��ȥʽ ������...��ʱ���ˣ�
�������䣺It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps(measures/action) to solve the traffic problems.
���������йص��ֲ�ȡ�ʵ��IJ��裨��ʩ/�ж����������ͨ�����ʱ���ˡ�
����ʮ����Those who ~~~ ��...����...��
�������䣺Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
����Υ����ͨ�涨����Ӧ���ܴ�����
����ʮ�ߡ�There is no one but ~~~ ��û���˲�...��
�������䣺There is no one but longs to go to college.
����û���˲������ϴ�ѧ��
����ʮ�ˡ�be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V �����ò�...��
�������䣺Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.
������Ȼ��������ü�ޣ��Ҳ��ò��������˶���
����ʮ�š�It is conceivable that + ���� �������֪�ģ�
����It is obvious that + ���� �����Եģ�
����It is apparent that + ���� ����Ȼ�ģ�
�������䣺It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. �����֪��֪ʶ�����ǵ�һ���а���һ����Ҫ�Ľ�ɫ��
������ʮ��That is the reason why ~~~ ���Ǿ���...��ԭ��
�������䣺Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don't like it.
������������ȡ��Ǿ����Ҳ�ϲ������ԭ��
������ʮһ��For the past + ʱ�䣬S + �������ʽ.����ȥ...������...һֱ...��
�������䣺For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination. ��ȥ����������һֱæ�������ԡ�
������ʮ����Since + S + ��ȥʽ��S + �������ʽ��
�������䣺Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. �Դ����ϸ��У���һֱ���ù���
������ʮ����It pays to + V��...��ֵ�õġ���
�������䣺It pays to help others.
��������������ֵ�õġ�
������ʮ�ġ�be based on ����...Ϊ������
�������䣺The progress of the society is based on harmony.
�������Ľ������Ժ�гΪ�����ġ�
������ʮ�塢Spare no effort/expense to + V �����������ģ�
�������䣺We should spare no effort/expense to beautify our environment.
��������Ӧ�ò����������������ǵĻ�����
������ʮ����bring home to + �� + �� ����...����...�£�
�������䣺We should bring home to people the value of working hard. ����Ӧ������������Ŭ���ļ�ֵ��
������ʮ�ߡ�be closely related to ~~ ����...ϢϢ��أ�
�������䣺Taking exercise is closely related to health.
�������˶��뽡��ϢϢ��ء�
������ʮ�ˡ�Get into the habit of + Ving= make it a rule to + V ������...��ϰ�ߣ�
����We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
��������Ӧ��������˯�����ϰ�ߡ�
������ʮ�š�Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~����Ϊ...��
�������䣺Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
������Ϊ���Ĺ�����������ʵ���ҵ����롣
������ʮ��What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N S+ V!����ô...����
�������䣺What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
����How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
��������ŵ���Ƕ�ô��Ҫ���£�
������ʮһ��Leave much to be desired �����˲����⣩
�������䣺The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
�������ǵĽ�ͨ״�����˲����⡣
������ʮ����Have a great influence on ����...�кܴ��Ӱ�죩
�������䣺Smoking has a great influence on our health.
�������̶����ǵĽ����кܴ��Ӱ�졣
������ʮ����do good to ����...���棩��do harm to ����...�к���
�������䣺Reading does good to our mind.������������档
����Overwork does harm to health.�������ȶԽ����к���
������ʮ�ġ�Pose a great threat to ����...���һ����в��
�������䣺Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
������Ⱦ�����ǵ��������һ����в��
������ʮ�塢do one's utmost to + V = do one's best ����ȫ��ȥ...��
�������䣺We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.
��������Ӧ��ȫ��ȥ������ǵ�����Ŀ�ꡣ
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